Apparatus for the manufacture of artificial sausage skins



5 Sheets-Sheet l Aug. 17, 1943. A BERGMAN-N APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL SAUSAGE SKINS Original Filed April 5, 1939 Aug. 17, 1943.` A. BERGMANN 326,920

APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL SAUSGE SKINS original med April 5. 193s s sheets-sheet 2 Aug. 17, 1943. S A. alemana/M4N 2,325,920

APPARATUS FOR `THE MANUFACTURE 0F ARTIFICIAL SAUSAGE SKINS l Original Filed April 5, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 APatented Aug. 1.7, 1943 'UNITED APPARATUS .FOR THE MANUFACTURE F ARTIFICIAL SAUSAGE SKINS Armin Bergmann, Pinneberg, Germany; vested in the Alien Property Custodian Original application April 5, 1939, Serial No.4

266,209. Divided and this application Novemi ber 15, 1940, Serial No. 365,848. In Germany March 17, 1938 3 Claims.

This invention is for improvements in or relating to apparatus for the manufacture of articial sausage skins. The present application is a division of my U. S. A. application for Letters Patent Serial No. 266,299, led April 5, 1939, now Pat. No. 2,257,222. I

It is known to manufacture articial sausage skins of a pasty mass of animal or vegetable a1- buminous substances, in particular underskin swollen in water.

In the known methods of producing artificial sausage skins from these substances, the pasty mass is, for example, expressed from'an annular nozzle on to the outside of an internally supported fabric envelope so as to form a thin layer thereon, and the skin thus formed is separated from the fabric envelope after drying in position thereon. A cylindrical core serves as the internal support of the fabric envelope and is provided with indentations or the like which serve as supporting surfaces for-rollers to hold the core.

` It has also been proposed in the manufacture of artificial sausage skins, to spray or expressa steeped mass of a suitable skin-forming substance on to the inner surface of a rigid cylindricalhollow mould.

According to a further known method, a steeped mass of a skin-forming substance is placed under pressure on the inner surface lof a tubular mould which is adapted to be withdrawn from a cylindrical bottom projection of a storage container and withdrawn in helical form therefrom. Such considerable difliculties are experienced, however, in using this method that it has not been found practicable to manufacture sausage skins in actual practice by it.

Finally, it is known to use tubular structures of regenerated cellulose as a. substitute for intestines in making sausage skins, the tubular structures being provided with a hardened gelatine coating upon their inner surfaces.

An object of the present invention is to provide a suitable apparatus for practicing the process for the manufacture of sausage skins, described and claimed in my above mentioned application for Letters Patent. from a pasty swollen mass containing water and albumen, in particular underskin, in a simple manner and without the use of an annular nozzle or /an internal fabric support.

The process for the maufacture of artificial sausage skins described and claimed in my said application, briefly stated, consists in forcing a dryable and hardenable steeped mass of an a1- buminous substance into a carrier tube composed of an absorbent material and simultaneously passing the tube, together with the steeped mass contained therein, through a constriction and at the same time forcing compressed air into the tube from the opposite end thereof to that from which the steeped mass is forced into the tube, so as to effect an inflation of the tube as it leaves the constriction and cause the steepedv mass in the tube to form a skin varound the in side thereof; leaving the skin to dry and harden in position in the tube, with the latter maintained in an inated condition during this step; and stripping the skin from the tube by withdrawing it therefrom.

Further, in practicing the process described and claimed in my said application, it is preferred that the constriction shall be of an adjustable width whereby it is possible to control the thickness of the layer of steeped mass which becomes deposited on the internal surface of the tube as it is traversed through the constriction with the steeped mass contained within it. In this connection, it will be appreciated that the tube as it passes through the constriction flattens out and thus compresses and distributes the steeped mass within it evenly as a thin layer over the surface of the tube.

The carrier tube may be composed of any suitable material, conveniently parchment paper, cellulose paper or a suitable fabric.

Further according to my invention, one or more further layers of skin-forming material, which may, if necessary, be of a composition not adapted to harden, may be applied on to the first layer after the same has been permitted to dry and harden in position in `the tube.

In order to prevent lumps or the like forming in front of or in. the constriction in the steeped might cause layers of non-uniform thickness to be applied to the surface of the tube, thus producing a sausage skin which is not of uniform thickness and flexibility, the steeped mass is preferably distributed over the surface of the carrier tube at the instant of its passage through the constriction by being subjected to a thorough mixing at this point, this mixing being caused by a lateral displacement of 4the particles of the steeped mass adhering to the wall of the flattened tube, across the width thereof.

A particular advantage of the process according to my said applicationv for patent is that it permits the production of very small sausage skins, which has been possible only with difi1 culty if at all by the hitherto known processes in which an albuminous substance is formed into a structure. Another advantage of 4the process is that it is possible for the first time to make an artificial sausage skin which is an effective suhsfitute for dried gut.

Dried guts are used for making small boiling sausages, for example, saveloys, Vienna sausages and the like. These sausages are not tied at the ends but are only closed by the twisting of the gut, which is adhesive on the inside.

Sausage skins of this type may be made with the apparatus of the present invention, since the invention permits of a plurality of layers of steeped mass containing albumen to be superimposed upon one another on the inside of the carrier tube. v

To this end, a rst layer is produced in theV manner described, using a steeped mass of an albuminous substance which incorporates a hardening agent such, for example, as formaldehyde. This first layer is then left to harden and dry i with the tube in an inflated condition, during which time the layer can be gently warmed from the loutside of the tube. To terminate the hardening process, the excess formaldehyde is converted into hexamethylene-tetramine by the action of gaseous ammonia. 'I'he carrier tube with the first layer of skin adhering to it is then passed afresh through the applying device, This time there is applied in the same way a second layer of albuminous substance but in the case of this layer the albuminous substance is devoid of a hardening agent. The second layer is then allowed to dry in situ upon the first layer in the tube. In the manufacture of boiling sausages, the second layer is made adhesive by the moisture ofthe sausage meat filled into the skin. In this way, the twisted ends of the sausage can be quite closed as is the case with natural gut skins.

'I'he apparatus according to the present invention, briefly stated, consists of a container for the steeped mass; a piston therein for forcing the mass out of the container; an outlet tube from the container adapted to accommodate around it a flexible tube to form the carrier tube accumulated in folds; a constriction through which the' carrier tube and steeped mass are passed, formed by the space between two mutuallyopposed members which are preferably adjustable towards and away from one another; means for introducing air under pressure into the end of the carrier tube remote from the end from which the steeped mass is introduced into` the tube, for the inflation thereof; and a device for drawing the carrier tube through the constriction.

'Ihe mutually opposed members which form the constriction .may conveniently-consist Aof an oppositely disposed pair of rigid bars adjustablel towards and away from one another and soshaped as to provide between them. a constriction through which the carrier tube and its contents may be drawn.`

In order, however, to effect the distribution hereinbefore referred to of the steeped mass over the wall of the flattened tube as this and the steeped mass are passed through the constriction, it has been found advantageous to use for the formation of the constriction a pair of rollers move pivotally towards and away from the .first roller and its normal or operative distance from that roller may be finely adjusted by means of a suitable adjusting device', in order to be able suitably to regulate the thickness of the applied layer of skin-forming material on the flattened walls of the tube.

The carrier tube, together with the steepe mass therein is carried between the pair of rollers. To the opposite end .of the carrier tube to that fromwhich the steeped mass is introduced into it, is connected the end of a'flexible compressed lair pipe which is carried over a lifting device.

By replacing the system of rigid barsby a pair' of rollers as described, as the means which-forms the constriction, the passage of the carrier tube and its contents through the constriction is considerably facilitated and assisted, since sliding friction is replaced by rolling. The roller actuated, for example, by .the eccentric, slides backwards and forwards, so shifting the sides of the flattened tube as it passes through the constriction. By means of this movement of the sides of the carrier tube, the particles of the steeped mass within, partly adhering to the sides of the tube or drawn therethrough, are positively shifted with respect to eachother. In this way the formation of lumps or cavities in the layer of skin-forming material on the wall of the tube is avoided and as a result the material is distributed extremely uni- 'formly over the entire surface of the tube.

Owing to the uniform distribution of. the material over the inner surface of the carrier tube, a'much greater strength is attainedof the dried artificial sausage skin as compared with the products which are obtainable when the mass is not so intimately admixed in its passage with the tube through the constriction. Furthermore, the carrier tube is less strained by the provision of the movable rollers than in the case where it is simply drawn through a gap between two fixed bars as in the rst form of the constriction hereinbefore referred to, and consequently it can be f used and re-used a greater number of times before it is worn out.

The freedom for pivotal movement or oscillat1on of one of the rollers towards and away from the other, which is provided according to the preferred arrangement described, is to enable the rigid jointing sleeve (hereinafter more particularly referred to) of the compressed air pipe to be inserted easily between the pair of rollers in the operation of fltting it on to the upper end y the pasty mass to form the skin on the wall which are rotatable about their axes and of which thereof. As such hard .foreign bodies pass through the constriction they have the effect simply of laterally forcing the oscillatable roller away from the other roller so as to permit the passage of the foreign body through the constriction without causing any trouble, for example, damage to the carrier tube or a blocking of the constriction.

In order to prevent the rollers from being forced apart during the normal passage past them of the carrier tube with its content of skinforming material, by the pressure of the mass within the tube, the bearings of the rollers are preferably held in their adjusted position by a suitable device, for example, a. tension spring.

By the arrangement of a carrier tube which is provided at its upper and lower ends with rigid sleeves or the like adapted to be screwed, the fastening or removing of the drawing device from the tube is considerably facilitated.

Two embodiments of the invention will Anow be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation partly in section of an apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention, the form of the invention according to this embodiment being one in which the axis of the constriction and of the carrier tube as it is drawn therethrough is horizontal andthe constriction is constituted by the gap between a mutually opposed pair of rigid bars Figure 2 is a front view of the constriction of the apparatus shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 illustrates the manner in which a finished artificial sausage skin produced in accordance with the invention is drawn out of the carrier tube;

Figure 4 is an elevation of an apparatus in accordance with the invention, illustrating an embodiment thereof in which the axis of the carrier tube as it is drawn through the constriction is vertical, the constriction is constituted by the space between a mutuallyopposed pair of rollers, and the tube and its contents are drawn through the constriction by means of a lifting cord pullingupon the end of the tube and serving at the same time as the compressed air pipe for supplying air under pressure to the leading 'end of the carrier tube;

Figure 5 is an enlarged elevation of the pair of rollers forming the constriction in the apparatus shown in Figure 4, and

Figure 6 is a plan view of the said rollers, showing an eccentric and other parts associated with the rollers.

Referring to Figures 1 to 3 of the drawingsthe steeped mass is contained in a container I from which it is forced by a piston 2 into an outlet tube 3. Over the outlet tube 3 is accumulated in folds a carrier tube 4 of parchment paper or the like. The steeped mass passes out of the tube 3 into the tube 4, together with which it passes through a constriction formed by the space between two rigid bars 5, 6 which are adjustable towards and away from one another by means of adjusting screws I0, H. Through this constriction only a limited quantity of the steeped mass can pass, this quantity being proportional to the width of the gap. As the mass passes the constriction, it is pressed out into the form of a thin layer adhering to the flattened wall of the carrier tube. Compressed air is blown into the opposite end of the tube 4, which for this purpose is firmly connected to a compressed air pipe 1. In this way, the tube 4 on leaving the constriction is inflated and at the same time the steeped mass is forced on to the inside of the carrier tube in a uniform layer 8.

After the inside of the whole of the carrier tube 4 has been thus coated with the steeped mass and the artificial sausage skin has thereby i been formed in the tube, the 'two ends of the tube, still, iniiated with compressed air, are tied up and the tube is suspended, with application if necessary of gentle heating through the wall of the tube, until the layer 8 on the inside of the tube has hardened and dried. 'I'he tube is then treated with dry ammonia gas and a string line 9 is tied on to one end of the articial sausage skin 8 still in the interior of the tube, the string being passed through the tube, as illustrated in Figure 35o! the drawings, and the skin 8 being drawn out of the tube thereby.

Before the skin l has been removed from the tube 4, there can be applied on to it and by direction of the roller.

the same general process one or more further layers of the steeped mass, as hereinbefore described.

Referring now to Figures 4 to 6, the roller'Z' of a pair of -rollers I', 2' is rotatable in bearings E' and is held against axial movement by a suitable tension device for example, a tension lspring 3' and lever 4'. against an eccentric 5' which can be actuated in a known manner by a belt pulley 5". By the rotation of the eccentricand the tractive effect of the tension device, there is produced a reciprocating movement of the roller 2' in an axial Opposite the roller 2' is the roller I', which is rotatable in its bearings 'I' but is not adapted to move axially. 'This roller I isvpreferably free to oscillate in a lateral direction perpendicular to its axis about the pivots 1". The distance between the rollers I', 2' is regulated by an adjusting device, for example, an adjusting screw 8 and sto'p 9', whilst the bearing blocks 6', 'I' of the rollers I', 2' are forced together, for example, by a tension spring I0'.

A carrier tube II' is accumulated in folds over a tube I2' leading from a. container I3' which is provided with a pressure piston I4', the steeped or pasty mass is pressed out of the container I3' through the tube I2' into the carrier tube II' and passes with this through the constriction which is constituted by the space between the rollers I', 2. The conveyance of the carrier tube II' and the mass within it through the constriction is effected by drawing the tube Il' upwards by means of a lifting device I5' and a lifting cord I 6', the cord I6 serving preferably at the same time as a compressed air pipe for introducing compressed air into that part of the carrier tube II' which has lemerged from the constriction between the rollers I', 2. The up.- per and lower `ends of the carrier tube II' are provided with rigid Jointing sleeves I1', I8' adated for example, to be screwed on.

The carrier tube may be composed of any comparatively sensitive material such, for example, as cellulose hydrate, (so-called Cellophane), cellulose acetate, derivatives of cellulose and the like, or of an articial resin adapted to swell in water or of a hardened albuminous substance such, for example, as gelatine.

I claim:

1; Apparatus for the manufacture of artificial sausage skinsv which comprises in combination a container suitable for containing a supply of a pasty swollen mass containing water and albumen, means for forcing said material from said container, outlet means from the Said container, a flexible carrier tube composed of absorbent material accumulated in folds around saidv outlet means; means for attening said carrier tube after it has been removed from said outlet means; and means connecting with said carrier' tube for introducing a gas into the carrier tube after it has been operated on by said means for flattening it.

2. An apparatus for the manufacture of articial sausage skins which comprises in combination a container suitable for containing a supply of a pasty swollen mass containing water and albumen, means for forcing said mate-l rial from said container, outlet means from the 'I'he roller 2' is axially pressed I 3. Apparatus for the manufacture of artiiicialsausage skins which comprises in-combination a container suitable for containing a supply of a pasty swollen mass containing water and albu- 15 4 l y l asumo` men, means for forcing said material from said container, outlet means from the said container, aexible carrier tube composed ofv absorbl entvmaterial accumulated in folds around said outletl means; means for flattening said carrier tube after it has been removed from said outlet =means, said means for flattening, comprising a mutually opposed pair of rollers, one of which is m axially reciprocable-relativelyl to the other; and y j means connecting lwith said carrier tube for in-y troducinga lgas into the carrier tubeafter' it has been operated on by said means for flattening it. e l

ARMIN BERGMANN. 

